Pump or motor



N 1929. H. THOMA ET AL 1,736,754

PUMP OR MOTOR Filed June 20, 1927 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Big. 2.

O Q C) fm/enfars flaws 30m- 6 f/eirzm'zfi JFOSCZZL H Nov'. 19, 1929. H. THOMA ET AL 1,736,754

PUMP 0R MOTOR Filed June 20, 1927 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 2 Heinrich /(o s e Patented Nov. 19, 1929 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HANS TEOMA, OF KARLSRUHE, BADEN, AND HEINRICH KOSEL, OF OFFENBACH-ON- THE MAIN,

GERMANY PUMP OR MOTOR Application filed June 20, 1927, Serial No.

This invention relates to pumps or motors operating With liquids under pressure, and particularly with oil.

Systems ofpressure oil pumps or pressure oil motors, having double acting, approximately horizontal cylinders, which rotate parallel to the revolving axis, are well known. In said pumps or motors the reciprocation of the pistons Working in the cylinders is obtained by connecting the pistons operatively with an obliquely rotating ring.

In said known systems it is necessary to couple the obliquely rotating ring, which is preferably made adjustable in inclination or obliquity for the purpose of altering the length of the stroke, with the revolving shaft by means of a universal joint. Consideration of the mechanical relations shows that in said known pump or motor systems the torque becomes free substantially in the ring rotating in an oblique position, so that a. universal joint for the translation of the torque or similar arrangements must be provided unless the crank pivots etc. are to be used for the translation of the torque which expedient appears to be unsuitable on account of the resulting jars or blows. It will be seen that the necessity for employing a universal joint for the complete torque represents an essential disadvantage of said systems, for the reason that on the one hand it is generally difficult to obtain the required space for the pivots of the universal joint, especially if high pressure oil engines are dealt with, and

that on the other hand the well known pecularity of the universal joint of translating the velocity of rotation unevenly during the suitably oblique position and thus subjecting the torqueto periodical fluctuations gives rise to an irregular working of said pressure oil pumps.

This disadvantage is avoided according to the invention by coupling the ring of the pressure oil pump or motor with the driving shaft fixedly and rectangularly to the axis. In order to provide for the reciprocations of the pistons, the cylinders are in most cases so arranged that their axes lie parallel to one another, but all cylinders together are arranged obliquely with respect to the axis of rotation 200,221, and. in Germany March 22, 1924.

ofthe pump or the motor, the angle of obliq uity being either unvariable in which case the strokes of the pistons are always of equal extent, or variable in which case the length of the strokes can be altered as required. Thus the oil supply and discharge of the cylinders takes place by means of an obliquely arranged frame or casing which, if desirable, is supported in-the outer casing of the engine by means of pivots and bearing shoulders, said" Fig. 3 is another longitudinal section showing the parts in the interior of the casing in oblique position.

The shaft 1 is supported by bearings 2 and 3 of an outer casing 22. To the shaft 1 a coll'ar 4 is secured which carries radial pins 5. These pins fit into balls 6 which are adapted to turn and to slide lengthwise on said pins, such balls being adapted to rock in suitable sockets of the pistons 7 but otherwise moving in unison with said pistons. The pistons are of the-double-aeting type and adapted to reciprocate in suitable cylinders provided in an annular drum 8 through which the shaft 1 extends. In the particular position illustrated, the longitudinal axis of the drum coincides with that of the shaft 1, but normally, as explained hereinafter, the longitudinal axis of the drum intersects the axis of the shaft obliquely. The drum is divided longitudinally, its sections being held together by a threaded ring 9, and is rotatably supported in a casing 10 by means of two ball bearings 11. The outer ends of the cylinders in which the pistons 7 reciprocate communicate with chambers 12 each of which is closed by a drical drum 8 and the cover 13 of the sura piston 26 (Fig. 3) located diametrically rounding casing 15 control openings 17 are provided in communication with channels 18; the said channels are bounded on the one hand by the casing 10 and by a cylindrical inner body 19 on the other hand. .Furthermore the channels 16 and 18 communicate with one another by channels 20 in the casing 10. The surrounding casing 15 is provided with hollow pivots or trunnions 21 which are either fixed or can be rocked and are supported in the stationary outer ring 22.

In order to render it possible to turn the casing 15 on the pivots 21 suitable adjusting means are provided which, in the example shown, comprise an adjusting screw 24 arranged on one side of the outer casing 22, and

opposite said screw and being. subjected to the pressure of a spring 25. When the screw 24 which exerts a pressure on the casing 15 is drawn homeor is loosened, as the case may be, this casing is turned on the pivots 21 in the one or the other direction.

When used as a pump, the device operates as follows If the-shaft 1 is rotated and the surround ing casing 15 is disposed obli uely, or swung around the pivots 21 to an o lique position,

. the pistons 7 located in the cylindrical drum 8 will reciprocate during each rotation as 16 said cylindrical drum supported on ball bearings can easily take part in the rotation of the shaft.

Investigation of the mechanical relations of said arrangement proves that besides slight frictional powers excessive torques are not required for the rotation of the cylindrical drum 8. Thus the rotation of said drum can be left either to the ball pivots 5 suitably shaped or a simple driving'clutch and if desired a Cardan joint may be provided between said drum and the shaft 1; said joint however only needs to be dimensioned for small powers. By the described reciprocation of the pistons oil is drawn in or discharged on the bearing pivots 21 of the surrounding casing 15 according to the direction in which which are separated from one another by intermediate walls 15'.

If it is not desired to rovide for an alteration of the stroke of t e pistons, the surtween said body and casing.

rounding casing 15 may be fixed to the outer casing 22 or madeintegral therewith. This may for instance be the case if the structure is employed as a fluid motor.

In the example of construction shown the control openings are located on the inner cylindrical faces of the drum 8 and the cover 10, which faces move adjacent to each other. As said cylindrical faces may be worked easily and exactly said arrangement, besides showing a slight sliding speed, proves to be particularly advantageous for an exact con- -.trol of the pump or motor. Instead of the cylindrical bearing faces gently tapering faces may be employed.

It will be understood that the control openings may be arranged at the face of the cylindrical drum which arrangement, however, is less advantageous on account of the greater sliding speed and requires special devices for packing or tightening purposes.

We claim v 1. A structure adapted for operation m conjunction with a fluid, comprising a centralshaft, a rotary body provided with longitudinal cylinders and surrounding said shaft, pistons arranged toreciprocate in said cylinders,a casing forming a support for said rotary body andmounted to rock for adjustment about an axis transverse to the axis of rotation, and operativeconnections for causing reciprocation of said pistons to occur concurrently with the rotation of said shaft and said body. 1'

2. A structure of the character set forth,

comprising a central shaft, a rotary body surrounding said shaft and provided with cylinders, pistons arranged to reciprocatein said cylinders, a casing forming a support for said rotary body and mounted to rock for adjustment about an axis transverse to the axis of rotation,"and operative connections for causing said shaft and said body to rotate in unison and the reciprocation of said pistons to take place concurrently with the rotation of said shaft and said body.

3. In a device according to claim 2, the provision of fluid-control openings or ports on the inner surfaces of the rotary body and its supporting casing.

4. In a device according to claim 2, the provision of bearing balls between the. adjacent faces of the rotary body and'its supporting cas ng.

5. In a device of the "character set forth in 1 claim 2, the provision of fluid-control ports in the adjacent faces of the rotary body and its supporting casing, and bearing balls arranged in the neighborhood of said ports, be-

In testimony whereof we have aflixed our signatures.

HANS THOMA. HEINRICH KOSEL. 

